Lomba 17 Agustus, Peringatan Hut RI

Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia Jumat, 17 Agustus 1945 Tahun Masehi, atau 17 Agustus 2605 menurut tahun Jepang dibacakan oleh Ir. Soekarno yang didampingi oleh Drs. Mohammad Hatta di Jalan Pegangsaan Timur 56, Jakarta Pusat.

Pada tanggal 6 Agustus 1945 sebuah bom atom dijatuhkan di atas kota Hiroshima Jepang oleh Amerika Serikat yang mulai menurunkan moral semangat tentara Jepang di seluruh dunia. Sehari kemudian Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia BPUPKI, atau "Dokuritsu Junbi Cosakai", berganti nama menjadi PPKI (Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia) atau disebut juga Dokuritsu Junbi Inkai dalam bahasa Jepang, untuk lebih menegaskan keinginan dan tujuan mencapai kemerdekaan Indonesia. Pada tanggal 9 Agustus 1945, bom atom kedua dijatuhkan di atas Nagasaki sehingga menyebabkan Jepang menyerah kepada Amerika Serikat dan sekutunya. Momen ini pun dimanfaatkan oleh Indonesia untuk memproklamasikan kemerdekaannya.
Indonesian flag raised 17 August 1945.jpg

Soekarno, Hatta selaku pimpinan PPKI dan Radjiman Wedyodiningrat sebagai mantan ketua BPUPKI diterbangkan ke Dalat, 250 km di sebelah timur laut Saigon, Vietnam untuk bertemu Marsekal Terauchi. Mereka dikabarkan bahwa pasukan Jepang sedang di ambang kekalahan dan akan memberikan kemerdekaan kepada Indonesia. Sementara itu di Indonesia, pada tanggal 10 Agustus 1945, Sutan Syahrir telah mendengar berita lewat radio bahwa Jepang telah menyerah kepada Sekutu. Para pejuang bawah tanah bersiap-siap memproklamasikan kemerdekaan RI, dan menolak bentuk kemerdekaan yang diberikan sebagai hadiah Jepang.

Pada tanggal 12 Agustus 1945, Jepang melalui Marsekal Terauchi di Dalat, Vietnam, mengatakan kepada Soekarno, Hatta dan Radjiman bahwa pemerintah Jepang akan segera memberikan kemerdekaan kepada Indonesia dan proklamasi kemerdekaan dapat dilaksanakan dalam beberapa hari, tergantung cara kerja PPKI.[1] Meskipun demikian Jepang menginginkan kemerdekaan Indonesia pada tanggal 24 Agustus.

Dua hari kemudian, saat Soekarno, Hatta dan Radjiman kembali ke tanah air dari Dalat, Sutan Syahrir mendesak agar Soekarno segera memproklamasikan kemerdekaan karena menganggap hasil pertemuan di Dalat sebagai tipu muslihat Jepang, karena Jepang setiap saat sudah harus menyerah kepada Sekutu dan demi menghindari perpecahan dalam kubu nasionalis, antara yang anti dan pro Jepang. Hatta menceritakan kepada Syahrir tentang hasil pertemuan di Dalat. Soekarno belum yakin bahwa Jepang memang telah menyerah, dan proklamasi kemerdekaan RI saat itu dapat menimbulkan pertumpahan darah yang besar, dan dapat berakibat sangat fatal jika para pejuang Indonesia belum siap. Soekarno mengingatkan Hatta bahwa Syahrir tidak berhak memproklamasikan kemerdekaan karena itu adalah hak Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI). Sementara itu Syahrir menganggap PPKI adalah badan buatan Jepang dan proklamasi kemerdekaan oleh PPKI hanya merupakan 'hadiah' dari Jepang (sic).
Indonesia flag raising witnesses 17 August 1945.jpg

Pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1945 Jepang menyerah kepada Sekutu. Tentara dan Angkatan Laut Jepang masih berkuasa di Indonesia karena Jepang telah berjanji akan mengembalikan kekuasaan di Indonesia ke tangan Sekutu. Sutan Sjahrir, Wikana, Darwis, dan Chaerul Saleh mendengar kabar ini melalui radio BBC. Setelah mendengar desas-desus Jepang bakal bertekuk lutut, golongan muda mendesak golongan tua untuk segera memproklamasikan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Namun golongan tua tidak ingin terburu-buru. Mereka tidak menginginkan terjadinya pertumpahan darah pada saat proklamasi. Konsultasi pun dilakukan dalam bentuk rapat PPKI. Golongan muda tidak menyetujui rapat itu, mengingat PPKI adalah sebuah badan yang dibentuk oleh Jepang. Mereka menginginkan kemerdekaan atas usaha bangsa kita sendiri, bukan pemberian Jepang.

Soekarno dan Hatta mendatangi penguasa militer Jepang (Gunsei) untuk memperoleh konfirmasi di kantornya di Koningsplein (Medan Merdeka). Tapi kantor tersebut kosong.

Soekarno dan Hatta bersama Soebardjo kemudian ke kantor Bukanfu, Laksamana Muda Maeda, di Jalan Medan Merdeka Utara (Rumah Maeda di Jl Imam Bonjol 1). Maeda menyambut kedatangan mereka dengan ucapan selamat atas keberhasilan mereka di Dalat. Sambil menjawab ia belum menerima konfirmasi serta masih menunggu instruksi dari Tokyo. Sepulang dari Maeda, Soekarno dan Hatta segera mempersiapkan pertemuan Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI) pada pukul 10 pagi 16 Agustus keesokan harinya di kantor Jalan Pejambon No 2 guna membicarakan segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan persiapan Proklamasi Kemerdekaan.

Sehari kemudian, gejolak tekanan yang menghendaki pengambilalihan kekuasaan oleh Indonesia makin memuncak dilancarkan para pemuda dari beberapa golongan. Rapat PPKI pada 16 Agustus pukul 10 pagi tidak dilaksanakan karena Soekarno dan Hatta tidak muncul. Peserta rapat tidak tahu telah terjadi peristiwa Rengasdengklok.

Read more ...

Country Do not Wash Hands To The Tragedy of 1965

KabarIndonesia-MANY people know, or at least heard or read or see through the film made and aired, and propagated by the New Order government, that at the dawn October 1, 1965, a group of young officers of the Army as Lieutenant Colonel. Fortunately, Colonel A. Brig Supardjo Latief and, through a movement which they give the name of the Movement September 30th, acts of kidnapping and arrest of senior officers who allegedly joined the Army in the organization's "general council" that will do the coup against President Sukarno.

The arrest and abduction which is said to confront the generals to President Sukarno, was berakir with the murder of the Generals, the body was dumped in an old well called Crocodile Hole. Six generals and an officer of the medium becomes the victim of ill-fated night it. General Nasution, who became the major target, managed to escape but his daughter become victims.

On October 1, 1965, Friday morning, Radio Republik Indonesia, Jakarta announced that Lieutenant-Colonel. Fortunately, a regimental commander who became the Barisan Cakrabirawa Presidential Guard, in a movement they call "September 30 Movement", has succeeded in securing the said General Council will carry out a coup against President Sukarno, on October 5, at the time of day Anniversary Armed Forces. Bung Karno could be saved by the G30S.

However, in the afternoon, on October 1 that RRI 65 RRI has announces the publication that can be "captured" again from the hands of President Sukarno had G30S and can be "rescued" by the troops of the Armed Forces.

Before the public knew what was happening, before any in-depth investigation, the Army Strategic Command Headquarters (Kostrad) below Major General. Suharto, through Yoga Sugama Intelnya officer, who had received education CIA/MI-6 G30S necessarily that which is said to try to do the "coup" accused of being masterminded by the PKI, and the "coup" was soon given the name "G30S/PKI". To strengthen the accusations that is not through the examination and proof of this, under the coordination of military circles Kostrad Mayjen.Soeharto crushing motion to introduce the "theory" about the presence of G30S PKI as the mastermind, swiftly taking measures to preserve, spread and extend the theory, engineering and slander about the involvement of the PKI.

Wirahadikusuma Major General Umar, Commander Jaya immediately announced a "curfew" in Jakarta, the mass media are prohibited from sunrise, except the three Army newspaper. News Yudha, Armed Forces and the Fire of Pancasila, which broadcasts news, prepared by the Army / Army Strategic Reserve Command.

Every day, the three newspapers that contain news and lies and slander engineering of "cruelty and inhumanity" of the PKI.

Slander and lies which was broadcast repeatedly by the military and this horn over time is considered as true by the community and serves to negate guilt of the people, if they then engaged to persecute, even kill the creature who was accused of "cruel and barbaric" them. And the issues that developed Suharto was able to nurture et sympathy and strong support of society to the movement he led crackdown.

CIA Report to White House on October 8, 1965, referring to the meeting while the military generals on October 5, 1965, led by General Suharto and General AHNasution. This meeting produced an agreement regarding the implementation of the plan of destruction of the PKI (Robinson p.283n.25). Responsibility for planning and execution of all the ways the military operation was proudly recognized by General Suharto, in his autobiography:

By involving people in the operation to destroy the PKI, Suharto did the ways: identifying G30S with PKI, to deny the humanity of communists; describe them as being ruthless, amoral and atheist; misuse the religious sentiments to incite hatred and the growing number of communists; and moving demonstration demanded the mass closure and / or extermination of the PKI.

It turns out, engineered by Suharto, is very effective once. Fire lit, darahpun spill. As already widespread anger and hatred, mass murder happened in a very organized and systematic, in line with the movement RPKAD in Jakarta, led by Colonel Sarwo Edhi Wibowo, who had just graduated from training in Melbourne Australia, which later spread to Central Java, East Java and Bali. Houses and buildings owned by members or alleged communist sympathizers were damaged and burned. The people who accused the communists, were arrested and paraded by demonstrators, and in a state of helplessness, in the midst of mass protest, the victim was stabbed with a sword and killed, the military is just looking and watching. Human-werewolf sanctioned by the military for killing people was not against the alleged communists. Homo homini lopus. (See the film documents the Australian Broad Casting: Riding The Tiger).

People all over Indonesia, incited, armed and provided with various facilities by the military to kill communists. In Java, Bali, North Sumatra, Aceh, West Sumatra, Riau and other areas, tens of thousands of bodies strewn in the streets, floating in almost all the rivers such as the Solo and the Fight and valleys and paya-paya. In Aceh, the heads without bodies dicucuk with a stick / bamboo and displayed on display along the road and intersection, are the bodies which had no head, dumped into the rivers with the excuse "not to contaminate the earth Aceh. The river is filled with corpses floating bodies cause people did not dare eat the fish the river for months.

Riau area, a region that had been safe and secure without any pergaduhan, people live peacefully, and peaceful, full of friendship helping each other, regardless of religion and political beliefs, did not lag in the flow of systematically blasted and enforced by the military from Jakarta.

"An American Embassy staff in Jakarta to report on the Military-Muslim terror directed against the workers in the vital oil company Caltex:" Muslims and the Agreement with the knowledge of military looting houses in the city of communist and close the buildings are in rural regions. Parties Military raid homes and notify the leadership of the PKI leadership Caltex oil company on October 29, 65, will be military plan, which would round up the members and leadership of the communist workers Perbum, which became the backbone and strength of Riau dipropinsi PKI ". (Mike Head / Marian Wilkinson, Sydney Morning Herald, 20 July 1999).

November 18, 1965, the military, assisted by the mass organizations and local religion, make arrests on those who accused no indication with the PKI, which became members of the organization: Perbum, BTI, Gerwani, SBKB, SBPP, Young People , Lekra, Sarbupri, CGMI, IPPI, Baperki Partindo, etc. SOBSI.

Caltex oil from the area in Rumbai and Pekanbaru and its surroundings, the people who arrested the hundreds amount taken and put into detention camps RTM, Military Detention which was then popularized with the title TPU (Places of Detention General), but heavily guarded by the CPM.

Which were not included in the prison camp, but is considered "no indication" made under house arrest or detention of thousands of the city, and fired from his job.

Nearly a thousand people crammed into the camp prisoners who dkelilingi high wall with a size of about 50X50 feet, located at the crossroads of Papaya and Semar Road on the south side of Pekanbaru city, every day was busy with men who move around, upset and panic, which did not know why they were arrested and detained, without one and without an arrest warrant. For months they are in custody in the confusion and full of questions.

February 15, 1966, two prisoners in the camp, which is a member of Riau BPH and his brother a member of the PKI leadership Pekanbaru, requested permission for the Camp Commander Lieutenant CPM Wagiran, officers Denpom Company "E" from Pekanbaru Bojonegoro, to be able to go home a few hours visiting the wife who just had a baby boy. Request permission they granted. They are allowed outside the walls with military escorts.

But until the morning, they both did not return to the Detention Camp. Not the next day, the next and the next. They vanished no one knows .............

Start a new chapter in Guantanamo, which is making detainees at night with the excuse "Dibon" for interrogations. One by one the leaders, cadres and party members or organizations who were arrested, "Dibon" gone missing the night and did not know the news story. Retrieval and removal of prisoners has become a terror in Guantanamo. The prisoners, each asking yourself, "am I going to take, when do I get 'Dibon'?" Haunted panic throughout the prisoners.

It was so held for two years. Scores of prisoners 'Dibon' and there was no news story. The last prisoners were taken that night and cut off the AN Ardan, a DEP employee. Inland Fisheries and Kamaludin Sjamsuddin Pekanbaru, a high official of the oil companies Caltex, which was given the task of studying in America from the company, called home and put into Guantanamo. They both "Dibon" night on September 16, 1968, and since it was never returned to the camp, did not know shady vanished ....... Just like Dr. Ibn Santoro who studied in America and was called back to Indonesia just to put them in jail and killed as disclosed in documents Shadow Play movie.

Until now, the remaining prisoners (approximately 300 people) is removed and released from Guantanamo on December 20th, 1977, they were taken at night with the term "Dibon for interrogation" is never found again. That those who are members or leaders of youth organizations of the People, Perbum, Lekra, BTI, SOBSI, SBPP, SBKB, Sarbupri, Gerwani, CGMI, IPPI and CPI etc, namely: 1. Aziz A. Siregar, 2. Abas foreman, 3. Abunandar, 4. A. Kusumitro, 5. Aliusir, 6. AN Ardan, 7. Bachtiar, 8. Dervish, 9. Djasni, 10. Drajad Lubis, 11. Hamdah, 12. Hamlet Nasution, 13. Kambasli, 14. Kamaludin Sjamsuddin, 15. Lukman, 16. M. Bgd. Marajo, 17. Misbah, 18. Misdar, 19. B.A Joseph M., 20. Malanton Simanjuntak, 21. M. Lubis, 22 M. .. Saleh, 23. Muslihun, 24. Nasution, 25. Ngadimin, 26. Ngadibi, 27. Ny. Nasution, 28. Nurdin O, 29. BA Danur Rusli, 30. Suyitno Hadi, 31. Sidi Barabanso, 32. Subekti, 33. Sudibyo, 34 .. Sugimin, 35. Sutan Malano, 36th. Syahruddin Djalal, 37. Sharif, 38. Tampubolon, 39. Zainuddin M, 40. Ahmad Zubir.

Who's who died in prison of malnutrition and sickness, including:

One. Invited, 2. Kartopawiro, 3. Sergeant Mulyono, 4. Nurdin Right, 5. Rajab Siregar, 6. Sudirman and 7. Taufik AN, and dozens more among the hundreds of detainees once "freed" soon died because of pain, sickness and lack of food for the prisoners.

It seems that the detention of political prisoners is a way to kill slowly, as spoken by Suharto to a U.S. Embassy staff, Josepf Lazarsky, Chief Representative of the CIA station in Jakarta, who came to Kostrad and see so many people who were arrested in various places, asking Suharto about the legal process. Suharto replied curtly, "if anyone was arrested later that will continue to feed them?" (See General Suharto Toward power-http: / / www.progind.net/ modules / wfsection / article.php? Articleid = 76, copied and Maruli 11/10/2005 Compass Tobing, 9 February 2001 - "War of Nerves .. ")

Meanwhile, retrieval and murder of political prisoners, people who were accused and indicated as PKI reziem conducted by the New Order, in some places in the Riau area, are:

* From Bengkalis: Brother Murad who is a Member of Parliament Bengkalis and served as a member of CS-PKI Bengkalis, were taken by motor boat in the entourage of about 50 people. Gone missing and to this day no news story!

* From Exhibit Siapi-fire: Civil Syofyan (PKI), Mr. Syahrudin (PKI), Mr. Anis (PKI), Mr. Syamsul Bahri (PKI) along with his wife, Mrs. Syamsul Bahri (Gerwani), in a group of about 40 people taken away by motor boat to Pekanbaru, but who arrived at Guantanamo Pekanbaru only one.

* From the Straits Length: Brother Dahlan (PKI) and their daughter are Bakr Ibrahim (People's Youth), was brought by ship to Bengkalis in a group 30 people, but until now no news story.

* From Rengat: Mr. Agus Alihamy (PKI), the sister of the brother of Abdullah Alihamy, Chairman of the CDB-PKI Riau, brother of King Abas (PKI), Sister Rubinem (Gerwani Rengat), were taken by truck in an entourage of about 50 people. Gone missing, not known to exist until now!

* From Tembilahan: Civil Assaat and Marsono (PKI), along with 30 people entourage carried in a truck and lost, there is no news after that news!

* From Tanjung Pinang, is not known how many are definitely a cut off or buried at sea, but such is the Civil Sudomo (PKI) and his brother Arifin Tajul (PKI). Tanjung Pinang was one of the S.A. Soetarno, high school teacher Affairs (PGRI), which mutated from Pekanbaru, Pekanbaru and sent back to inhabit the RTM / TPU Pekanbaru.

* From Sand Pengaraian people killed by Suharto's regime because the accused is no indication as PKI is: 1. Aladdin brother Nasution, 2. Kattudin Nasution (CS-PKI), 3. Ilyas, 4. Siddik, 5. Nurdin, 6.Pakso, 7. Amirhamsyah, 8. Aliamron, 9. Amirhasyim, 10. Bacok, 11. Saridin pitcher, 12. Zakaria, 13. Abd. Hasan, 14. Marhanda, 15. Karia, 16. Laham, 17. Kasim, 18. Tengku Prince, 19. Tengku Saleh, 20. Dohim, 21. Daib, 22. Ibrahim, 23rd. Muis, 24. Alikamis, 25. Djalib, 26. Rahman, 27. Metmet, 28. John (a former mosque imam), 29. Sotar, 30. Agus, 31. Sis, 32. Usman, 33. Malim, 34. Egypt, 35. Sinaga, 36. Mhd. Pi'i, 37. Datuk Patih, 38.Marantai, 39. Mhd. Nur, 40. Aminudin, 41. Amat, 42. Mhd. Nasution, 43. Jonah, 44. Cotton, 45. Agus Salim, 46. Mhd. Talib, 47. Kasud, 48. Abdullah, 49. Abd. Aziz, 50. Mhd. Zen, 51. Tamela Rahman, 52. Harun Nasution. [All of the above, 52 names were people who became victims of murder in the District Rambak year 1965/1966 and Beyond (Sand Pengaraian)

In addition, many are forced to accept "quota penalty" that has been prepared and established by the Military Authorities. With bersandiwarakan Mahmilub or Court, party cadres and mass organizations were forced to crouch-dozen years as a political speaker in prison and even executed or died from lack of food.

Alihamy Abdullah, a son who became head of the PKI Riau Riau, the New Order regime brought to trial in Pekanbaru and sentenced to death. He was taken and transferred to the Padang and executed by firing squad in Padang; Mohammad Amin Zein, was tried by Court Order in Pekanbaru, was sentenced to life imprisonment. In the year 1999 was released, but due to threats and intimidation of the New Order regime and his minions, the village community, afraid to take it again. He, who is a former member of the MPR-RI. died in the city of Medan in solitude; Sri Suharjo, was arrested while in Teperda / TPU / RTM Pekanbaru. Once sentenced to life imprisonment by a court Order in Pekanbaru, he moved into the field and serving on the RTM of Padang. Amnesty International Institute for the claim, he was freed by President BJ Habibie, in a state of very old and sickly. Still have time to meet with his family shortly before he died.

In addition. Two youths and a young lady in Pekanbaru on "trial" and sentenced to between 12-17 years in prison. At Bagan Si Api-Api, four youths were sentenced between 10-13 years, where two of them died in prison of malnutrition and illness.

In fact, a second grade high school student in Bagan Si Api-Api, was sentenced to 10 years in prison only because the time to walk to school, met and talked with a young man inquired unfamiliar street names. Presumably the young man was a member of the leadership of the People's Youth. Really, "prison rations" from Ordebaru / Suharto, is very simple and easy to obtain.

Once calculated, all the barbarous killings carried out by the New Order regime of Suharto and his minions in Riau, the amount is less than 350 people. Apparently, the region of Riau, a region that had been safe and secure without any pergaduhan, people live peacefully, and peaceful, full of friendship helping each other, regardless of religious and political beliefs, did not lag in the flow of systematically blasted and enforced by the Military / AD Suharto from Jakarta, so like it or not really make it "Bloody Riau."

Two days before Christmas 1965, the Australian Embassy in Jakarta estimates, average, 1500 people have been killed every day since 30 September 1965. 'm Kathy Kadane, States News Service, writing in 1990 in one on the mass killings in Indonesia from October 65-ahkhir January 66, quotes a saying of a great thinker Liberalism Bertrand Russell who said: "... in four months, five times as many people Died in Indonesia as in Vietnam in Twelve years. " (... In four months, the people who were killed in Indonesia, five times in number than those who die in the war in Vietnam for 12 years. ").

He even refers to this mass murder as a very horrible thing that is impossible can be done by humans. (Psychological warfare ... Compass 9 February 2001)

But, nevertheless, the number of evidence and witnesses both within and outside the country that the G30S is a pretext for mass murder Suharto demi raise the level of power, the Government now, especially the elite boss, tend to close their eyes and terlinga by saying that talking about it as "unproductive", "do not want to open old wounds" and so forth, and so forth. (Rakyat Merdeka October 1, 2006).

So, it's very appropriate that in 1965 Murder Victims Research Foundation (YPKP-65) in the public discussion in Jakarta on December 10, 2009 which then, using the theme "Truth Disclosure event in 1965 for Justice for Victims." And we can see that the ex. prisoners who are elderly and frail elderly, in the demonstration carried a large poster that represents their conscience screams: "Countries Do not Wash Hands of Tragedy 1965." We like to congratulate the YPKP-65 for its success in the day to hold public discussions in Jakarta as well as awards to the young generation, younger generation who took an active part in discussion and demonstration activities .***

* This paper (part 2) created to commemorate 45 years (1965-2010) the victims of the Suharto New Order regime in Riau and other areas in Indonesia, and is some evidence, and appealing that "Countries Do not Wash Hands of Tragedy 1965."

By: Joseph Tugio Taher | 12-Jan-2010, 13:05:27 AM.

Read more ...

Indonesian Army History

Indonesian National Army (TNI) was born in the cauldron Indonesian struggle for independence  from the threat of Dutch maintain the ambition to colonize Indonesia again through gun  violence. TNI is an organization that started the development of People's Security Agency  (BKR). Further, on October 5, 1945 became the People's Security Army (TKR), and to improve  arrangements in accordance with international military base, converted into Army of the  Republic of Indonesia (TRI).

In subsequent developments the government's efforts to improve national army went on, as she  fought and fought for the upholding of sovereignty and independence of nations. To unite the  two armed forces is TRI as the regular army and people's struggles agencies, on June 3, 1947  the President authorized the establishment of mengesyahkan with the Indonesian National Army  (TNI).

At critical moments during the War of Independence (1945-1949), the military managed to  manifest itself as a people's army, soldiers of the revolution, and the national army. As  the strength of the newborn, in addition to the TNI organize themselves, at the same time  must also face many challenges, both from within and from abroad. From within the country,  the military face-undermining undermining both the political dimension as well as military  dimensions. Political insurrection comes from communist groups who want to place the  military under their influence through the â € œPepolit, Bureau of Struggle, and the Army- Community:. While the challenges of domestic military dimension of the TNI to face an armed  uprising in some areas and the PKI in the Madiun rebellion and the Darul Islam (DI) in West  Java that could threaten national integrity. Challenges of military overseas twice to face  the Dutch Military Aggression and organizations that have more modern weapons.

Aware of the limitations of the Dutch Armed Forces in the face of aggression, the Indonesian  nation implement the People's War of the Universe in which all military forces and society  and national resources were deployed to confront the aggression. Thus, the integrity and  existence of the Republic of Indonesia has to be maintained by military power along with the  people.

In accordance with the decision of the Round Table Conference (RTC), formed in late 1949 the  Republic of Indonesia (RIS). Correspondingly, also formed the Armed Forces RIS (APRIS) which  is a joint Army and Colonial Army by the TNI as its core. In August 1950 Indonesia RIS  disbanded and returned to the form of unitary state. APRIS was renamed the Armed Forces  (APRI).

Adopted a parliamentary democratic system of government in the period 1950-1959, affecting  the lives of Army. The interference of politicians who are too far in the TNI internal  problems led to the event October 17, 1952 which resulted in a rift within the army. On the  other hand, military intervention was encouraged to get involved in political activities  with the established political parties namely Supporters of Indonesian Independence  Institute (IP-KI) who took part as a contestant in the 1955 General Election.

Period also called the Period of the Liberal Democracy is characterized also by a variety of  domestic rebellion. In 1950 some former members of the Colonial Army launched an uprising in  Bandung (Armed rebellion Ratu Adil / APRA), Andi Azis Rebellion in Makassar, Maluku and  rebellions in the South Maluku Republic (RMS). Meanwhile, DI TII West Java to expand its  influence in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Aceh. In 1958 the Revolutionary Government  of the Republic of Indonesia / Universe People's Struggle (PRRI / Permesta) doing most of  the rebellions in Sumatra and North Sulawesi, which endanger the national integrity. All of  the rebellion can be crushed by the military with the strength of other national components.

Efforts to unify organizations and the armed services into an organization the State Police  of Republika Indonesian Armed Forces (ABRI) in the year 1962 was an important part of  military history in the decade of the sixties.

Union of Army forces under one command, is expected to achieve effectiveness and efficiency  in carrying out its role, and not easily influenced by the interests of certain political  groups. However it is facing many challenges, especially from the Indonesian Communist Party  (PKI) as part of international communism had always worked hard to instill its influence  into the fabric of the nation of Indonesia, including the Armed Forces into the body through  infiltration and specific guidance, and by utilizing the influence of President and Supreme  Commander armed forces for political purposes.

PKI efforts intensified, culminating in a coup against the legitimate government by  G30S/PKI, resulting in the Indonesian nation was in a very critical situation. Under such  conditions TNI successfully overcome the critical situation and to quell the power of foiled  coup supporters together with the community strengths and even the entire people of  Indonesia.

If the situation is completely chaotic, the Armed Forces carry out his duties as defense  forces and as a force sospol. As a means of defense forces, rebels attacked the PKI and the  armed forces remains. As the strength of the Armed Forces sospol encourage creation of new  political arrangements for implementing Pancasila and the Constitution of 45 in a genuine  and consistent.

Meanwhile, the Armed Forces continue to reform themselves by establishing an internal  integration. The first step is to integrate the doctrine that eventually gave birth to the  doctrine of the Armed Forces Catur Dharma Eka Karma (Cadek). This doctrine implies the  reorganization of the Armed Forces as well as education and joint exercises between the  Armed Forces and Police. On the other hand, the Armed Forces also conducts external  integration in the form of unity with the people's armed forces are applied through a  program of the Armed Forces Entrance Village (AMD).

Roles, Functions and Duties of the TNI (formerly ABRI) was also amended in accordance with  Law No. 34 of 2004. TNI role as a tool in the defense sector which countries in carrying out  its duties under the state policy and political decisions. Armed Forces as an instrument of  national defense, serving as: an antidote against every form of military threats and armed  threats from outside and within the country against the sovereignty, territorial integrity,  and safety of the nation, penindak against any threats referred to above, and the restorer  of the condition of the state security disrupted by the security chaos.

TNI is the fundamental duty to uphold state sovereignty, defend the territorial integrity of  the Unitary Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of  Indonesia Year 1945, and to protect the entire nation and all the spilled blood of Indonesia  from the threat and disruption of the integrity of the nation and state.

Was divided into two main tasks (two), namely: the military campaign to the war and military  operations other than war.

Military operations other than war include surgery to overcome the armed separatist  movement, overcoming an armed rebellion, combating terrorism, securing the border regions,  safeguard national vital objects that are strategic, world peace perform duties in  accordance with foreign policy, securing the President and Vice President and their  families, empower the defense and force early supporters in accordance with the defense  system of the universe, to help the task of governance in the region, assisting the  Indonesian National Police in the framework of security and public order duties stipulated  in laws, help secure the state level as head of state guests and representatives of foreign  governments who was in Indonesia, to help cope with natural disasters, refugee, and  humanitarian aid, assist search and rescue in an accident (search and rescue) as well as  assist the government in the shipping and aviation security against counterfeiting, piracy  and smuggling.

While in the field of internal reform, the TNI is still continues to carry out internal  reforms in accordance with the demands of national reform. TNI still in its commitment to  keep the internal reforms can achieve the desired objectives in creating a new Indonesia a  better future in the frame of upholding the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. In fact, since  1998 actually internally TNI has made various changes to be significant, among others:

First, formulate a new paradigm of the role of the ABRI Abad XXI, secondly, to formulate a  new paradigm to reach a more military role into the future, as the actualization of the new  paradigm the role of the ABRI Abad XXI; third separation from the Armed Forces Police who  has been a decision of the Armed Forces Head Start 1-4 -1999 as the Transformation of  Beginning; fourth, the removal of the works of the Armed Forces through retirement or  transfer of the status decision. (Kep: 03 /) / II/1999); fifth, the elimination Wansospolpus  and Wansospolda / Wansospolda Tk-I; sixth, shrink the number of members F.TNI / police in  the House of Representatives and the DPRD I and II in the context of the elimination of  political social function; seventh ; TNI is no longer involved in Practical Politics / Day  to Day Politics; eighth, organizationally with the termination of the Golkar Party and take  the same distance with all parties involved; ninth, commitment and consistency of the  neutrality of the TNI in the election; the tenth, the arrangement of military relations with  KBT (Family of TNI); eleventh revision of military doctrine adjusted for Reform and Role of  the Armed Forces XXI Century; twelve, a change of staff as Staff Komsos Sospol; thirteenth,  Chief of Staff of the changes in Social Politics (Kassospol) became Chief of Staff of the  Territorial (caster); Fourteenth, elimination Sospoldam, Babinkardam, Sospolrem and  Sospoldim; fifteenth Syawan liquidation of Staff of the Armed Forces, Armed Forces Staff and  Babinkar KAMTIBMAS Armed Forces; sixteenth, the implementation of public accountability of  foundations belong to the army / military entities; seventeenth, the liquidation of the  Organization Deputy Army Commander, Eighteenth, deletion Bakorstanas and Bakorstanasda;  nineteenth, confirmation candidates from the military KDH has had to retire from the stage  filtration; twentieth, elimination of post vigilance; keduapuluhsatu, removal of material  from the curriculum of the Armed Forces Sospol TNI; keduapuluhdua, the liquidation of the  Organization caster TNI; keduapuluhtiga, the liquidation of Staff of the Social  Communication (Skomsos) TNI Commander of TNI in accordance SKEP No.21 / VI / 2005; twentieth  four, â € œTri doktrinTNI enactment Dharma Eka Karma (Tridek) replacing â € œCatur Dharma  Eka Karma (Cadek) according to the TNI Commander Decision Kep/2/I/2007 number dated January  12, 2007.
As a means of national defense, the military is committed to continue the internal reforms  in line with the demands of military and political decisions of state reform.

Read more ...